O Hall da Fama da Ciência

Bem-vindo ao Hall da Fama da revista Science (The Science Hall of Fame), um panteão dos mais famosos cientistas dos últimos 200 anos. Esse banco de dados interativo usa uma medida objetiva e literal para mensurar a fama: a frequência com que os nomes completos dos cientistas aparecem em livros publicados entre 1800 e 2000. Esse é um exemplo de “culturomics” (consulte o artigo de Michel et al. na edição de 14 de janeiro de 2011).

Procure os cientistas pelo nome para ver o seu impacto em milliDarwins (mD): um milésimo da frequência média anual que o nome de Charles Darwin aparece em livros de língua inglesa a partir do ano em que tinha 30 anos (1839) até 2000. Leia também o artigo que introduz o Hall da Fama e explore os dados no site de apoio.

Nome Completo	Nasc	Mort	milliDarwins	Bio	Quí	Fís
				Ganhador do Nobel
Bertrand Russell	1872	1970	1500
Charles Darwin	1809	1882	1000
Albert Einstein	1879	1955	878			✓
Lewis Carroll	1832	1898	479
Claude Bernard	1813	1878	429
Oliver Lodge	1851	1940	394
Julian Huxley	1887	1975	350
Karl Pearson	1857	1936	346
Niels Bohr	1885	1962	289			✓
Alexander Graham Bell	1847	1922	274
Max Planck	1858	1947	256			✓
Francis Galton	1822	1911	255
Robert Oppenheimer	1904	1967	252
Louis Pasteur	1822	1895	237
Chaim Weizmann	1874	1952	236
Alfred North Whitehead	1861	1947	229
Marie Curie	1867	1934	189		✓	✓
Robert Koch	1843	1910	185	✓
Isaac Asimov	1920	1992	183
James Jeans	1877	1946	182
Ray Lankester	1847	1929	175
Stephen Jay Gould	1941	2002	169
Norbert Wiener	1894	1964	163
Rachel Carson	1907	1964	152
Carl Sagan	1934	1996	152
Konrad Lorenz	1903	1989	148	✓
Linus Pauling	1901	1994	146		✓
Theobald Smith	1859	1934	145
Joseph Needham	1900	1995	138
John von Neumann	1903	1957	137
Norman Lockyer	1836	1920	136
Edward Teller	1908	2003	134
Patrick Geddes	1854	1932	133
Alfred Russel Wallace	1823	1913	125
Balfour Stewart	1828	1887	124
Andrei Sakharov	1921	1989	116
Ernst Mach	1838	1916	113
Paul Bert	1833	1886	112
Barry Commoner	1917		109
Pierre Curie	1859	1906	108			✓
Henri Poincare	1854	1912	108
Ernst Haeckel	1834	1919	106
Raymond Pearl	1879	1940	104
Ernest Rutherford	1871	1937	103		✓
Thomas Henry Huxley	1825	1895	102
Jacques Loeb	1859	1924	101
Michael Polanyi	1891	1976	99
Alexander Agassiz	1835	1910	98
William Beebe	1877	1962	98
Alexis Carrel	1873	1944	98	✓
Ronald Ross	1857	1932	98	✓
Vandana Shiva	1952		94
James Clerk Maxwell	1831	1879	92
Richard Dawkins	1941		90
Desmond Morris	1928		90
Evelyn Fox Keller	1936		89
Alfred Nobel	1833	1896	89
Stephen Hawking	1942		88
Max Born	1882	1970	84			✓
Klaus Fuchs	1911	1988	84
Garrett Hardin	1915	2003	84
Gregor Mendel	1822	1884	84
John Money	1921	2006	84
Simon Newcomb	1835	1909	82
Jane Goodall	1934		81
Fritjof Capra	1939		80
Heinrich Hertz	1857	1894	80
David Bohm	1917	1992	78
Osborne Reynolds	1842	1912	78
Rene Dubos	1901	1982	76
Guglielmo Marconi	1874	1937	76			✓
Charles Sanders Peirce	1839	1914	75
Paul Davies	1946		73
Max Schultze	1825	1874	73
Claire Deville	1818	1881	72
Warren Weaver	1894	1978	72
Irving Langmuir	1881	1957	71		✓
Carlos Castaneda	1925	1998	69
Fang Lizhi	1936		69
Amory Lovins	1947		69
Abdus Salam	1926	1996	69			✓
Leo Szilard	1898	1964	68
Francis Crick	1916	2004	67	✓
Elizur Wright	1804	1885	67
Ernst Mayr	1904	2005	64
Louis de Broglie	1892	1987	62			✓
Benjamin Peirce	1809	1880	62
Lancelot Hogben	1895	1975	61
Chauncey Wright	1830	1875	61
Paul Sabatier	1854	1941	60		✓
Nikola Tesla	1856	1943	60
Sewall Wright	1889	1988	58
Otto Hahn	1879	1968	56		✓
Charles Richet	1850	1935	55	✓
James Bryant Conant	1893	1978	54
George Mivart	1827	1900	54
George Darwin	1845	1912	53
Henri Becquerel	1852	1908	52			✓
Henry Head	1861	1940	51
Paul de Kruif	1890	1971	51
Wilhelm Ostwald	1853	1932	51		✓
Rudolf Virchow	1821	1902	51
Gerald Holton	1922		50
Alfred Kinsey	1894	1956	50
Sally Ride	1951		50
Herman Daly	1938		48
Joshua Lederberg	1925	2008	48	✓
Lise Meitner	1878	1968	48
Erwin Schrodinger	1887	1961	48			✓
Almroth Wright	1861	1947	48
Michael Dummett	1925		47
Richard Feynman	1918	1988	47			✓
Mario Bunge	1919		46
Theodosius Dobzhansky	1900	1975	46
Frederick Mosteller	1916	2006	46
Claude Shannon	1916	2001	46
Frederick Soddy	1877	1956	46		✓
Scott Blair	1902	1987	44
Hans Driesch	1867	1941	44
Charles Sherrington	1857	1954	44	✓
Charles Wheatstone	1802	1875	44
Henry Dale	1875	1968	43	✓
Maurice Ewing	1906	1974	43
Willy Ley	1906	1969	43
Michael Sars	1805	1869	42
William Shockley	1910	1989	41			✓
Hugo de Vries	1848	1935	41
Arthur Compton	1892	1962	40			✓
Gottlob Frege	1848	1925	40
Kurt Godel	1906	1978	40
Louis Guttman	1916	1987	40
Hermann von Helmholtz	1821	1894	40
Lecoq de Boisbaudran	1838	1912	39
Jacques Cousteau	1910	1997	39
Felix Klein	1849	1925	39
Alfred Wegener	1880	1930	39
Hermann Weyl	1885	1955	39
Ludwig von Bertalanffy	1901	1972	38
Oliver Heaviside	1850	1925	38
Steven Weinberg	1933		38			✓
George Boole	1815	1864	37
Martin Deutsch	1917	2002	37
Freeman Dyson	1923		37
Justus von Liebig	1803	1873	37
Peter Medawar	1915	1987	37	✓
Steven Rose	1938		37
August Weismann	1834	1914	37
Frank Jewett	1879	1949	36
Alfred Newton	1829	1907	36
Wilhelm Roux	1850	1924	36
Svante Arrhenius	1859	1927	35		✓
William Bateson	1861	1926	35
Lynn Margulis	1938		35
Reinhold Messner	1944		35
Thomas Hunt Morgan	1866	1945	35	✓
Fritz Haber	1868	1934	34		✓
Zhores Medvedev	1925		34
Roger Penrose	1931		34
Ilya Prigogine	1917	2003	34		✓
Philip Morrison	1915	2005	33
Harold Urey	1893	1981	33		✓
George Wald	1906	1997	33	✓
David Baltimore	1938		32	✓
Carey Foster	1835	1919	32
Ira Remsen	1846	1927	32
Ludwig Mond	1839	1909	31
William Vogt	1902	1968	31
Ludwig Boltzmann	1844	1906	30
Bierens de Haan	1883	1958	30
William Rowan Hamilton	1805	1865	30
Barbara McClintock	1902	1992	30	✓
Alfred Tarski	1902	1983	30
Henry Tizard	1885	1959	30
Georg Cantor	1845	1918	29
Howard Florey	1898	1968	29	✓
Harold Jeffreys	1891	1989	29
Oldfield Thomas	1858	1929	29
Bentley Glass	1906	2005	28
David Hilbert	1862	1943	28
Glenn Seaborg	1912	1999	28		✓
Solly Zuckerman	1904	1993	28
Walter Cannon	1871	1945	27
Harold Hotelling	1895	1973	27
Karl Landsteiner	1868	1943	27	✓
Jean Perrin	1870	1942	27			✓
Lobry de Bruyn	1857	1904	26
Niles Eldredge	1943		26
Rosalind Franklin	1920	1958	26
Casimir Funk	1884	1967	26
Henry Margenau	1901	1997	26
Frank Press	1924		26
Marston Bates	1906	1974	25
Richard Bellman	1920	1984	25
Florian Cajori	1859	1930	25
Harvey Fletcher	1884	1981	25
Dian Fossey	1932	1985	25
Edmund Heller	1875	1939	25
Francois Jacob	1920		25	✓
James Lovelock	1919		25
Fritz Muller	1821	1897	25

O Hall da Fama da Ciência

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